affiliation

Public Sector Institutions

Public Sector

CONSTITUENT INSTITUTION

 

Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala

Programmes
M.B.B.S

Address :
Gujranwala Medical College, Satellite town Pasrur Road, Gujranwala 52250
Ph: 055-9230179
Fax: 055-4556465

Website:  www.gmc.com.pk

AFFILIATED INSTITUTIONS

1.

Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore

Programmes :
M.B.B.S
Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)
MD Gestroenterology
MD Psychiatry
MD Radiology
MS Opthamology
Diploma in Anesthesia
MD Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Laboratory Technology
DCP, DCH

M.Phil Haematology

M.Phil Morbid Anatomy & Histopathology

MD Oncology

MD Cardiology

MD Cardiac Surgery

MS ENT

MS Urology

MS Obst. & Gynae.

M.Phil Chemical Pathology

MS Neurosurgery

MD Dermatology

M.Phil Biochemistry

MD Paediatrics

M.Phil Physiology

Address :
Allama Shabbir Ahmed Usmani Road, Lahore 54550
Ph: 042-99231400-23, 99231480, 99231443
Fax: 042-99231442

Website:   www.aimc.edu.pk

2.

Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Medical & Dental College, Lahore

Programmes
M.B.B.S
BDS

Address :
Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex, Khayaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Ph: 042-35912306-07-08Website:  N/A

3.

Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot

Programmes
M.B.B.S
MS General Surgery
MD Nephrology
MD Neurology
MD Radiology
MD Radiology
Diploma in Medical & Diagnostic Radiology (DMRD)


B.Sc. Nursing (Generic)
B.Sc. Nursing Post RN 2-Years

Address :
Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot
Ph: 052-4598300Website:  N/A

4.

College of Nursing, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore

Programmes:

B.Sc. Nursing (4-Years)

Address :
Allama Shabbir Ahmed Usmani Road, Lahore 54550

Ph. 9231400-23 Ext. 8304

Website:   N/A

5.

Nishtar Medical College, Multan

Programmes :
M.B.B.S
B.Sc. (Hons.) Emergency & Intensive Care Sciences

B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Imaging Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Laboratory Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Optometry & Orthoptics
B.Sc. (Hons.) Dental Technology

DA, DCH, DCP, DGO, DOMS, DTCD

MS Neurosurgery

MS Plastic Surgery

MS Urology

M.Phil Anatomy

M.Phil Microbiology

Address :
Nishtar Road, Multan
Ph: 061-9200238, 9200993
Fax: 061-9200227

Website:  www.nmch.edu.pk

6.

Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad

Programmes :
M.B.B.S
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Imaging Technology
DOMS

MS Neurosurgery

MS Urology



B.Sc. Nursing (Generic)

Address :
Sargodha Road, Faisalabad
Ph: 041-9210080
Fax: 041-9210081

Website:   www.pmc.edu.pk

7.

Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur

Programmes :
M.B.B.S
B.Sc. (Hons.) Audiology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Cardiac Purfusion Programme
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Laboratory Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Optometry & Orthoptics
B.Sc. (Hons.) Cardiac Purfusion Technology
Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)
DA, DCH, DGO, DLO, DTCD, DOMS, DCP, Dip. Card.

MS Urology

MS Orthopaedics

MS Plastic Surgery

MS Cardiac Surgery

B.Sc. Nursing (Generic)

Address :
Circular Road, Bahawalpur
Ph: 0621-9250411-30 (Exchange), 9250431
Fax: 0621-9250432

Website:   www.qamc.edu.pk

8.

Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi

Programmes :
M.B.B.S
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Imaging Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Laboratory Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Optometry & Orthoptics
B.Sc. (Hons.) Orthotics & Prosthetics
Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)
Diploma in Anaesthesia
MD Psychiatry
M. Phil Microbiology

M. Phil Behavioural Sciences

MD Gastroenterology

MS Neurosurgery

MS Orthopaedics

MS Urology



B.Sc. Nursing (Generic)

Address :
Tipu Road, Rawalpindi
Ph: 051-9280403, 9281012-18
Fax: 051-9280462

Website:   www.rmc.edu.pk

9.

Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore

Programmes :
M.B.B.S
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Imaging Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Laboratory Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Operation Theatre Technology
DCH

MD Paediatrics

MD Endocrinology

MD Gastroenterology

MS Neurosurgery

MS Orthopaedics

MS Paediatric Surgery

MS Urology

MS Anaesthesia



B.Sc. Nursing (Generic)

Address :
Services Hospital, Jail Road, Lahore
Ph: 042-99203425
Fax: 042-99203426

Website:   www.sims.edu.pk

10.

Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim yar Khan

Programmes :
M.B.B.S
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Imaging Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Laboratory Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Operation Theatre Technology

Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)

MS Urology

MS Neurosurgery

Diploma in Anesthesia(DA)



B.Sc. Nursing (Generic)

Address :
Sheikh Zayed Medical College Hospital, Rahimyar Khan
Ph: 068-9230161, 9230168
Fax: 068-9230428

Website:   www.szmc.edu.pk

11.

Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha

Programmes :
M.B.B.S

Address :
University of Sargodha
Johar Block, University Road, Sargodha
Ph: 048-9230811-15, 9230633
Fax: 048-9230634

Website:   N.A

12.

de` Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore

Programmes :
B.D.S
B.Sc. (Hons.) Dental Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Dental Hygiene

Address :
Campus 1
Punjab Dental Hospital Fort Road, Lahore
Campus 2
Govt. Nawaz Sharif Hospital, Yakki Gate, Lahore
Ph: 042-37662715, 37665189, 37669521
Fax: 042-37630476

Website:   N/A

13.

Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan

Programmes :
BDS

MDS Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

Address :
Nishtar Road, Multan
Ph. 061-9201505 Exchnage:061-9201501-3 Ext.202 Fax. 061-9200747

Website:   N/A

14.

Institute of Public Health, Lahore

Programmes :
M. Phil. (Community Medicine)
MPH
MMCH
MHM
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Laboratory Technology

Address :
6-Birdwood Road, Lahore
Ph: 042-99200906

Website:  iph.punjab.gov.pk

15.

Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore

Programmes :
MS Cardiac Surgery
MS Anaesthesia

B.Sc. (Hons.) Cardiac Perfusion

B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Laboratory Technology

MD Cardiology

Address :
Ghous-ul-Azam(Jail) Road, Lahore 54000
Ph: 042-99203051-60
Fax: 042-99200028

Website:   pic.punjab.gov.pk

16.

Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore

Programmes

DGO

DLO

DMRD

DMRT

Dip-Card

DA

DCH

DPM

DBT

DOMS

DTCD

DCP

DMJ

MD

MS

MDS

M. Phil.

Programmes :
M.Phil Anatomy
M.Phil Biochemistry
M.Phil Chemical Pathology
M.Phil Haematology
M.Phil Microbiology
M.Phil Morbid Anatomy & Histopathology
M.Phil Forensic Medicine
M.Phil Pharmacology
M.Phil Physiology
M.Phil (Oral Biology)
M.Phil (Oral Pathology)
M.Phil (Science of Dental Materials
M.Phil Community Medicine

MD Cardiology
MD Dermatology
MD Gastroentolerology
MD Internal Medicine
MD Nephrology
MD Oncology
MD Paediatrics
MD Psychiatry
MD Pulmonology
MD Radiology
MD Radiotherapy
MS Anaesthesia
MS Cardiac Surgery
MS ENT
MS General Surgery
MS Neurosurgery
MS (Obst. & Gynae)
MS Ophthamology
MS Orthopaedic Surgery
MS Paediatric Surgery
MS Plastic Surgery
MS Thoracic Surgery
MS Urology
MDS (Operative Dentistry)
MDS (Orthodontics)
MDS (Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery)
MDS (Prosthodontics)

Address :
Birdwood Road, Lahore
Ph: 042-99202096
Fax: 042-99202098

Website:   www.pgmipunjab.edu.pk

17.

Armed Forces Postgraduate Medical Institute, Rawalpindi

Programmes :
MPH

Dip-Card
Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)

B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Laboratory Technology
B. Sc. (Hons.) Cardiac Perfusion

Address :
Tameez-Uddin Road, Rawalpindi Cantt
Ph: GHQ-34487, GHQ-30324

Website:   afpgmi.edu.pk/home.php

18.

School of Nursing, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi

Programmes :
Post RN B.Sc. Nursing
B.Sc. Nursing (4-Years)

Address :
Holly Family Hospital, Rawalpindi
Ph: +92 51 9290321

Website:   https://www.facebook.com/HolyFamilyHospitalRawalpindi/

19.

Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi

Programmes :
M.Phil Chemical Pathology

M.Phil Haematology

M.Phil Immunology

M.Phil Microbiology

M.Phil Morbid Anatomy & Histopathology

M.Phil Oral Pathology

Address :
Near Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi
Ph: GHQ-30077

Website:   www.afip.org.pk

20.

School of Allied Health Sciences, The Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore

Programmes :
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Laboratory Technology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Imaging Technology
Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT)
B.Sc. (Hons.) Occupational Therapy
B.Sc. (Hons.) Speech & Language Pathology
B.Sc. (Hons.) Dental Technology

B.Sc. (Hons.) Operation Theatre Technology
Condensed B.Sc. Medical Lab Technology (2-Years)

Condensed B.Sc Medical Imaging Technology (1-Year)

Address :
Ferozepur Road, Lahore
Ph: 042-99230901-23
Fax: 042-99230358

Website:   www.chich.edu.pk/school-of-allied-health-sciences

21.

Field Epidemiology & Laboratory Training Program Pakistan

Programmes :
M.Sc. Field Epidemiology

Address :
Field Epidemiology & Laboratory Training Program
National Institute of Health,
Park Road, Chak Shehzad, Islamabad

Ph: 051-9255302, 9255304

Fax: 051-9255307

Website:   N/A

22.

Nawaz Sharif Medical College, University of Gujrat, Gujrat.

Programmes :
MBBS

Address :
New Campus, Hafiz Hayat,
University of Gujrat,
Gujrat
Ph: 053-3643331, 053-3643327, 053-3643121, 053-3643334,
053-3643408
Fax: 053-3643034

Website:   www.uog.edu.pk/academic-programmes/nawaz-sharif-medical-college.html

23.

College of Nursing, Nishtar Medical College, Multan.

Programmes :
B.Sc. Nursing (4 Years)

Address :
Nishtar Road, Multan
Ph.061-9200238- 9200993

Website:   www.nmch.edu.pk

24.

Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad.

Programmes :
MS Cardiac Surgery
MD Cardiology
Diploma in Cardiology (Dip-Card)
B.Sc. (Hons.) Cardiac Perfusion

Address :
Faisalabad
Ph: 041-9201516-7
Fax: 041-9201518

Website:   www.fic.gop.pk

25.

Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal.

Programmes :
MBBS

Address :
Sahiwal
Ph: 040-9200545

Website:   N/A

26.

Ameer ud Din Medical College, Lahore.

Programmes :
MBBS


B.Sc. Nursing (Generic)

Address :
Postgraduate Medical Institute,
6- Birdwood Road, Lahore
Ph: 042-99264034

Website:   www.pgmipunjab.edu.pk/DefaultPGMIMC.html

27.

Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan.

Programmes :
B.Sc. (Hons.) Cardiac Perfusion
Dip. Card

Address :
Multan
Ph: 061-9201397
Fax: 061-9201166

Website:   www.cpeic.gop.pk

28.

Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Multan.

Programmes :
DCH

MD Paediatric Medicine

MS Paediatric Surgery

MD Paediatric Neurology

MD Neonatology

MD Paediatric Haematology Oncology

MD Paediatric Gestroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition

MD Developmental-Behavioural Paediatrics

Address :
Multan

Ph.061-9201065 Fax.061-9201064

 

Website:   N/A

29.

Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore.

Programmes :
M.Phil Morbid Anatomy & Histopathology

MD Developmental Paediatrics

M.S. Paediatric Surgery

MD Radiology

MD Paediatric Cardiology

MD Developmental- Behavioural Paediatrics

MD Paediatric Neurology

MD Paediatric Critical Care Medicine

MD Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabates

MD Neonatology

MD Paediatric Nephrology

MD Paediatric Haematology Oncology

MD Paediatric Emergency Medicine

MD Paediatric Gestroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition

MD Paediatric Urology

Address :
Ferozepur Road, Lahore

Ph.042-9230901-23

 

Website:   www.chich.edu.pk

30.

College of Nursing, The Children’s Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore.

Programmes :
Post RN B.Sc. (Nursing) (2-Years)

Address :
Ferozepur Road, Lahore

Ph.042-9230901-23

 

Website:   www.chich.edu.pk

31.

Postgraduate College of Nursing, Lahore.

Programmes :
Post RN B.Sc. (Nursing) (2-Years)

Address :
1-Birdwood Road, Jail Road, Lahore

Ph.042-99203616-18

Website:   N/A

32.

Dental Section, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad.

Programmes :
BDS

Address :
Punjab Medical College, Sargodha Road, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

Ph. 0092-41-9210080-81,

Email: [email protected]

Website:   www.pmc.edu.pk/BDS.aspx

33.

Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology ,Rawalpindi.

Programmes :
Dip- Card
MD Paediatric Cardiology

Address :
Rawal Road, Rawalpindi.

Ph. 0092-51-9281111-3

Website:   www.ric.gop.pk

34.

D.G. Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan

Programmes :
MBBS
DA
MS Anaesthesia
MD Medicine
B.Sc. Nursing (Generic 4-Year)
B.Sc. Operation Theatre Technology
B.Sc. (Hons) Medical Laboratory Technology
B.Sc. (Hons) Medical Imaging Technology

Address :
Ghazi Khan Medical College Main Jmapur Road

Ph. 92-64-9260631, FAX:+92-64-9260632

Website:   www.gkmc.edu.pk

35.

Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore

Programmes

DMJ

DA

DLO

DGO

DCH

DOMS

DTCD

DMRT

DMRD

DCP

MS

MD

M.Phil

Address :
Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, University Avenue, New Muslim Town, Lahore

Ph. 042-35912306-8,042-35912229, FAX: 042-35830639

Website:   http://www.pgmipunjab.edu.pk/

36.

Shaikha Fatima Institute of Nursing & Health Sciences, Lahore

Programmes :
B.Sc. Nursing (4-Years)
B.Sc. Nursing (2-Years Post RN)

Address :
Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, University Avenue, New Muslim Town, Lahore

Ph. 042-35912306-8,042-35912229, FAX: 042-35830639

Website:   N.A

37.

Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College, Mirpur

Programmes :
MBBS
Diploma in Anesthesia

Address :
Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College, Chitterpari, Mirpur, AJK

Ph. 05827-920453 – 05827-920500

Website:  

38.

Azad Jammu & Kashmir Medical College, Muzafarabad

Programmes :
MBBS

Address :
Azad Jammu & Kashmir Medical College, Narul Stadium Jalalabad, Muzaffarabad

Ph. 05822-920527-05822-920523

Website:  

39.

Poonch Medical College, Rawalakot

Programmes :
MBBS

Address :
Poonch medical college Trar Diwan Rawlakot Azad Jammu and kashmir

Ph. 05824960084-05824960067

Website:   https://pmcajk.webs.com

40.

Sheikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore

Programmes

DGO

DLO

DMRD

DMRT

DTCD

DOMS

DCP

DMJ

DA

DCH

MD Medicine
MD Nephrology
MD Cardiology
MD Pulmonology
MD Gastroentolerology
MD Paediatrics
MD Radiology
MS Surgery (General Surgery)
MS (Obst. & Gynae)
MS Anaesthesia
MS Urology
MS Orthopaedic Surgery
MS Opthamology
MS Hepatopancreaticobilliary / Liver Transplant Surgery
MD Neurology
MD Rheumatology
MD Dermatology
MD Psychiatry
MS ENT
MS Neurosurgery
MS Cardiothoracic Surgery
MS Paediatric Surgery
MS Plastic Surgery

Programmes :
M.Phil Anatomy
M.Phil Physiology
M.Phil Biochemistry
M.Phil Pharmacology
M.Phil Histopathology
M.Phil Chemical Pathology
M.Phil Haematology
M.Phil Microbiology
M.Phil Community Medicine

Address :N.A

Website:   N.A

41.

College of Nursing, DHQ Hospital, Muzaffargarh

Programmes :
B.Sc. Nursing (4-Years)
Post RN B.Sc. Nursing

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

42.

Wazirabad Institute of Cardiology, Wazirabad

Programmes :
Dip-Card
MD Cardiology
MS Cardiac Surgery

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

43.

State College of Nursing, Mirpur

Programmes :
B.Sc. Nursing (4-Years)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

44.

Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Faisalabad

Programmes :
DA DCH
MD Paediatrics
MS Paediatric Surgery

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

45.

Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore

Programmes :
MS Neurosurgery
MD Neurology
MD Radiology

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

46.

College of Nursing, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi

Programmes :
B.Sc. Nursing (4-Years)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

47.

Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center, Lahore

Programmes :
MS Hepatopancreaticobilliart/ Liver Transplant Surgery

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

48.

Punjab Institute of Mental Health, Lahore

Programmes :
MD Psychiatry

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

49.

College of Nursing, DHQ Hospital, Kasur

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

50.

College of Nursing, Sahiwal Medical College / DHQ Hospital, Sahiwal

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

51.

College of Nursing, DHQ Hospital, Jhang

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

52.

College of Nursing, DHQ Hospital, Hafizabad

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

53.

College of Nursing, DHQ Hospital, Mandi Bahauddin

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

54.

College of Nursing, DHQ Hospital, Jhelum

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

55.

College of Nursing, Nawaz Sharif Medical College / Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital, Gujrat

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

56.

College of Nursing, DHQ Hospital, Attock

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

57.

College of Nursing, DHQ Hospital, Mianwali

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

58.

College of Nursing, Rawalpindi Medical University / DHQ Hospital, Rawalpindi

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

59.

College of Nursing, DHQ Hospital, Chakwal

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

60.

Gujrat College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Gujrat

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

61.

Maqbool Begum Memorial Nursing College & Allied Health Sciences Institute, Lahore

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (02-Years Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

62.

Children's Hospital, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore

Programmes :
MS ENT (Level - III)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

63.

Punjab Institute of Neurosciences, Lahore

Programmes :
MS Anaesthesia (Level - III)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

64.

Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore

Programmes :
MD Neonatology (Level - IV)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

65.

College of Nursing DHQ Hospital, Narowal

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04 Years' Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

66.

College of Nursing Govt. Eye Cum General Hospital, Gojra

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04 Years' Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

67.

College of Nursing DHQ Hospital, Sheikhupura

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04 Years' Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

68.

College of Nursing DHQ Hospital, Okara

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04 Years' Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

69.

College of Nursing DHQ Hospital, Vihari

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04 Years' Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

70.

College of Nursing DHQ Hospital, Lodhran

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04 Years' Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

71.

College of Nursing DHQ Hospital, Khanewal

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04 Years' Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

72.

College of Nursing DHQ Hospital, Layyah

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04 Years' Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A

73.

College of Nursing DHQ Hospital, Bhakkar

Programmes :
Generic BS Nursing (04 Years' Program)

Address :N.A

Ph. N.A

Website:   N.A